Obtain, analyze, and communicate evidence of the effects that balanced and unbalanced forces have on the motion of objects.

Ask questions to obtain information about the purpose of weather forecasts in planning for, preparing for, and responding to severe weather. 

Ask questions to obtain information about the purpose of weather forecasts in planning for, preparing for, and responding to severe weather. 

Examine and test solutions that address changes caused by Earth’s events. 

Examine and test solutions that address changes caused by Earth’s events. 

Evaluate a design solution (e.g., flood barriers, wind-resistant roofs, lightning rods) that reduces the impact of a weather-related hazard.

Analyze evidence to explain how changes in human population, per capita consumption of natural resources, and other human activities affect Earth’s systems.

Analyze evidence to explain how changes in human population, per capita consumption of natural resources, and other human activities affect Earth’s systems.

Evaluate a design solution that reduces the impact of a weather-related hazard.

Analyze evidence to explain how changes in human population, per capita consumption of natural resources, and other human activities affect Earth’s systems.

Analyze evidence to explain how changes in human population, per capita consumption of natural resources, and other human activities affect Earth’s systems.

Implement scientific principles to design processes for monitoring and minimizing human impact on the environment.

Implement scientific principles to design processes for monitoring and minimizing human impact on the environment.

Collect and organize scientific ideas that individuals and communities can use to protect Earth’s natural resources and its environment. 

Collect and organize scientific ideas that individuals and communities can use to protect Earth’s natural resources and its environment. 

Collect and organize scientific ideas that individuals and communities can use to protect Earth’s natural resources and its environment. 

Implement scientific principles to design processes for monitoring and minimizing human impact on the environment.

Implement scientific principles to design processes for monitoring and minimizing human impact on the environment.

Implement scientific principles to design processes for monitoring and minimizing human impact on the environment.

Implement scientific principles to design processes for monitoring and minimizing human impact on the environment.

Design solutions, test, and revise a process for cleaning a polluted environment. 

Design solutions, test, and revise a process for cleaning a polluted environment. 

Construct models and use simulations to explain the role of gravity in affecting the motions of celestial bodies within galaxies and the solar system.

Construct models and use simulations to explain the role of gravity in affecting the motions of celestial bodies within galaxies and the solar system.

Construct models and use simulations to explain the role of gravity in affecting the motions of celestial bodies within galaxies and the solar system.

Construct models and use simulations to explain the role of gravity in affecting the motions of celestial bodies within galaxies and the solar system.

Develop and use models to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system. 

Develop and use models to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system. 

Observe seasonal patterns of sunrise and sunset to describe the relationship between the number of hours of daylight and the time of year.

Observe seasonal patterns of sunrise and sunset to describe the relationship between the number of hours of daylight and the time of year.

Provide evidence from data of the distribution of fossils and rocks, continental shapes, and seafloor structures to explain past plate motions.

Provide evidence from data of the distribution of fossils and rocks, continental shapes, and seafloor structures to explain past plate motions.

Use research-based evidence to propose a scientific explanation regarding how the distribution of Earth’s resources such as minerals, fossil fuels, and groundwater are the result of ongoing geoscience processes.

Use research-based evidence to propose a scientific explanation regarding how the distribution of Earth’s resources such as minerals, fossil fuels, and groundwater are the result of ongoing geoscience processes.

Use research-based evidence to propose a scientific explanation regarding how the distribution of Earth’s resources such as minerals, fossil fuels, and groundwater are the result of ongoing geoscience processes.

Use research-based evidence to propose a scientific explanation regarding how the distribution of Earth’s resources such as minerals, fossil fuels, and groundwater are the result of ongoing geoscience processes.

Develop and use models of Earth’s interior composition to illustrate the resulting magnetic field and to explain its measurable effects. 

Use models to explain how the rotation of Earth and unequal heating of its surface create patterns of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that determine regional climates. a. Use experiments to investigate how energy from the sun is distributed between Earth’s surface and its atmosphere by convection and radiation.

Use models to explain how the rotation of Earth and unequal heating of its surface create patterns of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that determine regional climates. Use experiments to investigate how energy from the sun is distributed between Earth’s surface and its atmosphere by convection and radiation.

Plan and carry out investigations to examine properties of soils and soil types.

Use models to explain how the rotation of Earth and unequal heating of its surface create patterns of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that determine regional climates. Use experiments to investigate how energy from the sun is distributed between Earth’s surface and its atmosphere by convection and radiation.

Use models to explain how the rotation of Earth and unequal heating of its surface create patterns of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that determine regional climates. Use experiments to investigate how energy from the sun is distributed between Earth’s surface and its atmosphere by convection and radiation.

Use models to explain how the rotation of Earth and unequal heating of its surface create patterns of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that determine regional climates. Use experiments to investigate how energy from the sun is distributed between Earth’s surface and its atmosphere by convection and radiation.

Use models to explain how the rotation of Earth and unequal heating of its surface create patterns of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that determine regional climates. a. Use experiments to investigate how energy from the sun is distributed between Earth’s surface and its atmosphere by convection and radiation.

Collect information from a variety of sources to describe climates in different regions of the world.

Collect information from a variety of sources to describe climates in different regions of the world.

Collect information from a variety of sources to describe climates in different regions of the world.

Collect information from a variety of sources to describe climates in different regions of the world.

Explore information to support the claim that landforms are the result of a combination of constructive forces, including crustal deformation, volcanic eruptions, and sediment deposition as well as a result of destructive forces, including erosion and weathering.

Collect information from a variety of sources to describe climates in different regions of the world.

Explore information to support the claim that landforms are the result of a combination of constructive forces, including crustal deformation, volcanic eruptions, and sediment deposition as well as a result of destructive forces, including erosion and weathering.

Collect information from a variety of sources to describe climates in different regions of the world.

Collect information from a variety of sources to describe climates in different regions of the world.

Explore information to support the claim that landforms are the result of a combination of constructive forces, including crustal deformation, volcanic eruptions, and sediment deposition as well as a result of destructive forces, including erosion and weathering.

Explore information to support the claim that landforms are the result of a combination of constructive forces, including crustal deformation, volcanic eruptions, and sediment deposition as well as a result of destructive forces, including erosion and weathering.

Collect information from a variety of sources to describe climates in different regions of the world.

Explore information to support the claim that landforms are the result of a combination of constructive forces, including crustal deformation, volcanic eruptions, and sediment deposition as well as a result of destructive forces, including erosion and weathering.

Explore information to support the claim that landforms are the result of a combination of constructive forces, including crustal deformation, volcanic eruptions, and sediment deposition as well as a result of destructive forces, including erosion and weathering.

Identify the distribution of freshwater and salt water on Earth and construct a graphical representation depicting the amounts and percentages found in different reservoirs.

Analyze and interpret data to determine effects of weathering and rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, and vegetation using one single form of weathering or erosion at a time.

Identify the distribution of freshwater and salt water on Earth and construct a graphical representation depicting the amounts and percentages found in different reservoirs.

Identify the distribution of freshwater and salt water on Earth and construct a graphical representation depicting the amounts and percentages found in different reservoirs.

Analyze and interpret data to determine effects of weathering and rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, and vegetation using one single form of weathering or erosion at a time.

Analyze and interpret data to determine effects of weathering and rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, and vegetation using one single form of weathering or erosion at a time.

Identify the distribution of freshwater and salt water on Earth and construct a graphical representation depicting the amounts and percentages found in different reservoirs.

Analyze and interpret data to determine effects of weathering and rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, and vegetation using one single form of weathering or erosion at a time.

Analyze and interpret data to determine effects of weathering and rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, and vegetation using one single form of weathering or erosion at a time.

Analyze and interpret data to determine effects of weathering and rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, and vegetation using one single form of weathering or erosion at a time.

Describe patterns of Earth’s features on land and in the ocean using data from maps.

Describe patterns of Earth’s features on land and in the ocean using data from maps.

Describe patterns of Earth’s features on land and in the ocean using data from maps.

Formulate and evaluate solutions to limit the effects of natural Earth processes on humans. 

Formulate and evaluate solutions to limit the effects of natural Earth processes on humans. 

Formulate and evaluate solutions to limit the effects of natural Earth processes on humans.

Formulate and evaluate solutions to limit the effects of natural Earth processes on humans. 

Plan and carry out investigations that demonstrate the chemical and physical processes that form rocks and cycle Earth materials.

Plan and carry out investigations that demonstrate the chemical and physical processes that form rocks and cycle Earth materials.

Plan and carry out investigations that demonstrate the chemical and physical processes that form rocks and cycle Earth materials.

Design and construct a device to reduce the effects of sunlight. 

Plan and carry out investigations that demonstrate the chemical and physical processes that form rocks and cycle Earth materials.

Plan and carry out investigations that demonstrate the chemical and physical processes that form rocks and cycle Earth materials.

Observe, record, and share findings of local weather patterns over a period of time.

Observe, record, and share findings of local weather patterns over a period of time.

Observe, record, and share findings of local weather patterns over a period of time.

Observe, record, and share findings of local weather patterns over a period of time.

Observe, record, and share findings of local weather patterns over a period of time.

Use models to explain how the flow of Earth’s internal energy drives a cycling of matter between Earth’s surface and deep interior causing plate movements.

Create and manipulate models to explain the occurrences of day/night cycles, length of year, seasons, tides, eclipses, and lunar phases based on patterns of the observed motions of celestial bodies.

Create and manipulate models to explain the occurrences of day/night cycles, length of year, seasons, tides, eclipses, and lunar phases based on patterns of the observed motions of celestial bodies.

Create and manipulate models to explain the occurrences of day/night cycles, length of year, seasons, tides, eclipses, and lunar phases based on patterns of the observed motions of celestial bodies.

Create and manipulate models to explain the occurrences of day/night cycles, length of year, seasons, tides, eclipses, and lunar phases based on patterns of the observed motions of celestial bodies.

Defend the claim that one factor determining the apparent brightness of the sun compared to other stars is the relative distance from Earth.

Defend the claim that one factor determining the apparent brightness of the sun compared to other stars is the relative distance from Earth.

Defend the claim that one factor determining the apparent brightness of the sun compared to other stars is the relative distance from Earth.

Analyze data and represent with graphs to reveal patterns of daily changes in length and direction of shadows, day and night, and the seasonal appearance of some stars in the night sky. 

 Observe, describe, and predict patterns of the sun, moon, and stars as they appear in the sky.

Observe, describe, and predict patterns of the sun, moon, and stars as they appear in the sky.

Collect and evaluate data to identify water found on Earth and determine whether it is a solid or a liquid.

Collect and evaluate data to identify water found on Earth and determine whether it is a solid or a liquid.

Construct explanations by citing evidence found in patterns of rock formations and fossils in rock layers that Earth changes over time through both slow and rapid processes.

Construct explanations by citing evidence found in patterns of rock formations and fossils in rock layers that Earth changes over time through both slow and rapid processes.

Construct explanations by citing evidence found in patterns of rock formations and fossils in rock layers that Earth changes over time through both slow and rapid processes.

Construct explanations by citing evidence found in patterns of rock formations and fossils in rock layers that Earth changes over time through both slow and rapid processes.

Construct explanations by citing evidence found in patterns of rock formations and fossils in rock layers that Earth changes over time through both slow and rapid processes.

Construct explanations by citing evidence found in patterns of rock formations and fossils in rock layers that Earth changes over time through both slow and rapid processes.

Construct explanations by citing evidence found in patterns of rock formations and fossils in rock layers that Earth changes over time through both slow and rapid processes.

Display data graphically and in tables to describe typical weather conditions expected during a particular season.

Display data graphically and in tables to describe typical weather conditions expected
during a particular season.

Display data graphically and in tables to describe typical weather conditions expected during a particular season.

Display data graphically and in tables to describe typical weather conditions expected during a particular season.

Display data graphically and in tables to describe typical weather conditions expected during a particular season.

Display data graphically and in tables to describe typical weather conditions expected during a particular season.

Use a model to represent how any two systems, specifically the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and/or hydrosphere, interact and support life.

Analyze and interpret data to describe how various human activities and natural processes may cause changes in local and global temperatures over time.

 Use a model to represent how any two systems, specifically the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and/or hydrosphere, interact and support life.

Use a model to represent how any two systems, specifically the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and/or hydrosphere, interact and support life.

Use a model to represent how any two systems, specifically the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and/or hydrosphere, interact and support life.

Use a model to represent how any two systems, specifically the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and/or hydrosphere, interact and support life.

Use a model to represent how any two systems, specifically the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and/or hydrosphere, interact and support life.

Use a model to represent how any two systems, specifically the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and/or hydrosphere, interact and support life.

Construct explanations from geologic evidence to identify patterns of Earth’s major historical events.

Construct explanations from geologic evidence to identify patterns of Earth’s major historical events.

Construct explanations from geologic evidence to identify patterns of Earth’s major historical events.

Use evidence to explain how different geologic processes shape Earth’s history over widely varying scales of space and time. 

Use evidence to explain how different geologic processes shape Earth’s history over widely varying scales of space and time. 

Observe and describe the effects of sunlight on Earth’s surface.

Observe and describe the effects of sunlight on Earth’s surface.

Observe and describe the effects of sunlight on Earth’s surface.

Observe and describe the effects of sunlight on Earth’s surface.

Use models to construct explanations of the various biogeochemical cycles of Earth and the flow of energy that drives these processes. 

Use models to construct explanations of the various biogeochemical cycles of Earth and the flow of energy that drives these processes. 

Use models to construct explanations of the various biogeochemical cycles of Earth and the flow of energy that drives these processes. 

Use models to construct explanations of the various biogeochemical cycles of Earth and the flow of energy that drives these processes. 

Make observations from media to obtain information about Earth’s events that happen over a short period of time (e.g., tornados, volcanic explosions, earthquakes) or over a time period longer than one can observe (e.g., erosion of rocks, melting of glaciers).

Make observations from media to obtain information about Earth’s events that happen over a short period of time (e.g., tornados, volcanic explosions, earthquakes) or over a time period longer than one can observe (e.g., erosion of rocks, melting of glaciers).

Create models to identify physical features of Earth (e.g., mountains, valleys, plains, deserts, lakes, rivers, oceans).

Create models to identify physical features of Earth (e.g., mountains, valleys, plains, deserts, lakes, rivers, oceans).

Construct and interpret models to explain that energy in animals’ food is used for body repair, growth, motion, and maintenance of body warmth and was once energy from the sun.

 Construct and interpret models to explain that energy in animals’ food is used for body repair, growth, motion, and maintenance of body warmth and was once energy from the sun.

Construct and interpret models to explain that energy in animals’ food is used for body repair, growth, motion, and maintenance of body warmth and was once energy from the sun.

Construct and interpret models to explain that energy in animals’ food is used for body repair, growth, motion, and maintenance of body warmth and was once energy from the sun.

Construct and interpret models to explain that energy in animals’ food is used for body repair, growth, motion, and maintenance of body warmth and was once energy from the sun.

Create a model to illustrate the transfer of matter among producers; consumers, including scavengers and decomposers; and the environment.

Create a model to illustrate the transfer of matter among producers; consumers, including scavengers and decomposers; and the environment.

Create a model to illustrate the transfer of matter among producers; consumers, including scavengers and decomposers; and the environment.

Create a model to illustrate the transfer of matter among producers; consumers, including scavengers and decomposers; and the environment.

Create a model to illustrate the transfer of matter among producers; consumers, including scavengers and decomposers; and the environment.

Create a model to illustrate the transfer of matter among producers; consumers, including scavengers and decomposers; and the environment.

Defend the position that plants obtain materials needed for growth primarily from air and water.

Defend the position that plants obtain materials needed for growth primarily from air and water.

Defend the position that plants obtain materials needed for growth primarily from air and water.

Defend the position that plants obtain materials needed for growth primarily from air and water.

Construct an illustration to explain how plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into a storable fuel, carbohydrates, and a waste product, oxygen, during the process of photosynthesis.

Construct an illustration to explain how plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into a storable fuel, carbohydrates, and a waste product, oxygen, during the process of photosynthesis.

Construct an illustration to explain how plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into a storable fuel, carbohydrates, and a waste product, oxygen, during the process of photosynthesis.

Construct an illustration to explain how plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into a storable fuel, carbohydrates, and a waste product, oxygen, during the process of photosynthesis.

Construct an illustration to explain how plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into a storable fuel, carbohydrates, and a waste product, oxygen, during the process of photosynthesis.

Construct an illustration to explain how plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into a storable fuel, carbohydrates, and a waste product, oxygen, during the process of photosynthesis.

Use evidence and scientific reasoning to explain how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of both animals and plants.

Use evidence and scientific reasoning to explain how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of both animals and plants.

Use evidence and scientific reasoning to explain how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of both animals and plants.

Use evidence and scientific reasoning to explain how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of both animals and plants.

Use evidence and scientific reasoning to explain how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of both animals and plants.

Use evidence and scientific reasoning to explain how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of both animals and plants.

Use evidence and scientific reasoning to explain how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of both animals and plants.

Use evidence and scientific reasoning to explain how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of both animals and plants. 

Use evidence and scientific reasoning to explain how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of both animals and plants.

Use evidence and scientific reasoning to explain how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of both animals and plants.

Use evidence and scientific reasoning to explain how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of both animals and plants.

Analyze and interpret data to predict how environmental conditions and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms. 

Analyze and interpret data to predict how environmental conditions and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms. 

Analyze and interpret data to predict how environmental conditions and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms. 

Analyze and interpret data to predict how environmental conditions and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms. 

Analyze and interpret data to predict how environmental conditions and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms. 

Analyze and interpret data to predict how environmental conditions and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms. 

Analyze and interpret data to predict how environmental conditions and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms. 

Analyze and interpret data to predict how environmental conditions and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms. 

Analyze and interpret data to predict how environmental conditions and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms. 

Distinguish between living and nonliving things and verify what living things need to survive.

Distinguish between living and nonliving things and verify what living things need to survive.

Distinguish between living and nonliving things and verify what living things need to survive.

Distinguish between living and nonliving things and verify what living things need to survive (e.g., animals needing food, water, and air; plants needing nutrients, water, sunlight, and air).

Distinguish between living and nonliving things and verify what living things need to survive.

Gather evidence to support how plants and animals provide for their needs by altering their environment.

Gather evidence to support how plants and animals provide for their needs by altering their environment.

Plan and carry out an investigation, using one variable at a time (e.g., water, light, soil, air), to determine the growth needs of plants.

Plan and carry out an investigation, using one variable at a time (e.g., water, light, soil, air), to determine the growth needs of plants.

Examine the cycling of matter between abiotic and biotic parts of ecosystems to explain the flow of energy and the conservation of matter.

Examine the cycling of matter between abiotic and biotic parts of ecosystems to explain the flow of energy and the conservation of matter.

Examine the cycling of matter between abiotic and biotic parts of ecosystems to explain the flow of energy and the conservation of matter.

Examine the cycling of matter between abiotic and biotic parts of ecosystems to explain the flow of energy and the conservation of matter.

Examine the cycling of matter between abiotic and biotic parts of ecosystems to explain the flow of energy and the conservation of matter.

Design and construct models to simulate how animals disperse seeds or pollinate plants. 

Design and construct models to simulate how animals disperse seeds or pollinate plants. 

Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence regarding how resource availability impacts individual organisms as well as populations of organisms within an ecosystem.

Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence regarding how resource availability impacts individual organisms as well as populations of organisms within an ecosystem.

Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence regarding how resource availability impacts individual organisms as well as populations of organisms within an ecosystem.

Design and construct models to simulate how animals disperse seeds or pollinate plants. 

Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence regarding how resource availability impacts individual organisms as well as populations of organisms within an ecosystem.

Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence regarding how resource availability impacts individual organisms as well as populations of organisms within an ecosystem.

Identify and plan possible solutions to lessen the human impact on the local environment.

Obtain information from literature and other media to illustrate that there are many different kinds of living things and that they exist in different places on land and in water.

Obtain information from literature and other media to illustrate that there are many different kinds of living things and that they exist in different places on land and in water.

Use empirical evidence from patterns and data to demonstrate how changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in populations.

Use empirical evidence from patterns and data to demonstrate how changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in populations.

Use empirical evidence from patterns and data to demonstrate how changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in populations.

Use empirical evidence from patterns and data to demonstrate how changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in populations.

Use empirical evidence from patterns and data to demonstrate how changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in populations.

Use empirical evidence from patterns and data to demonstrate how changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in populations.

Construct an explanation to predict patterns of interactions in different ecosystems in terms of the relationships between and among organisms.

Construct an explanation to predict patterns of interactions in different ecosystems in terms of the relationships between and among organisms.

Construct an explanation to predict patterns of interactions in different ecosystems in terms of the relationships between and among organisms.

Construct an explanation to predict patterns of interactions in different ecosystems in terms of the relationships between and among organisms.

Construct an explanation to predict patterns of interactions in different ecosystems in terms of the relationships between and among organisms.

Construct an explanation to predict patterns of interactions in different ecosystems in terms of the relationships between and among organisms.

Engage in argument to defend the effectiveness of a design solution that maintains biodiversity and ecosystem services. 

Engage in argument to defend the effectiveness of a design solution that maintains biodiversity and ecosystem services. 

Construct a model of a natural habitat conducive to meeting the needs of plants and animals native to Alabama. 

Construct a model of a natural habitat (e.g., terrarium, ant farm, diorama) conducive to meeting the needs of plants and animals native to Alabama. 

Construct a model of a natural habitat conducive to meeting the needs of plants and animals native to Alabama. 

Construct a model of a natural habitat conducive to meeting the needs of plants and animals native to Alabama. 

Use evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to the energy of that object.

Use evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to the energy of that object.

Use evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to the energy of that object.

Develop and use a model to predict how forces act on objects at a distance.

Create and analyze graphical displays of data to illustrate the relationships of kinetic energy to the mass and speed of an object. 

Create and analyze graphical displays of data to illustrate the relationships of kinetic energy to the mass and speed of an object. 

Create and analyze graphical displays of data to illustrate the relationships of kinetic energy to the mass and speed of an object. 

Use models to construct an explanation of how a system of objects may contain varying types and amounts of potential energy.

Use models to construct an explanation of how a system of objects may contain varying types and amounts of potential energy

Use models to construct an explanation of how a system of objects may contain varying types and amounts of potential energy.

Use models to construct an explanation of how a system of objects may contain varying types and amounts of potential energy

Use models to construct an explanation of how a system of objects may contain varying types and amounts of potential energy.

Analyze and interpret data from experiments to determine how various factors affect energy transfer as measured by temperature.

Analyze and interpret data from experiments to determine how various factors affect energy transfer as measured by temperature.

Analyze and interpret data from experiments to determine how various factors affect energy transfer as measured by temperature.

Create a model, diagram, or digital simulation to describe conservation of mass in a chemical reaction and explain the resulting differences between products and reactants.

Apply the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments supporting the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.

Apply the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments supporting the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.

Apply the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments supporting the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.

Apply the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments supporting the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.

Apply the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments supporting the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.

Apply the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments supporting the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.

Apply the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments supporting the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.

Apply the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments supporting the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.

Apply the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments supporting the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.

Apply the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments supporting the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.

Apply the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments supporting the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.

Apply the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments supporting the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.

Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.

Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.

Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.

Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.

Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.

Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.

Compile information to describe how the use of energy derived from natural renewable and nonrenewable resources affects the environment. 

Compile information to describe how the use of energy derived from natural renewable and nonrenewable resources affects the environment. 

Engage in argument from evidence to support claims of the cell theory.

Engage in argument from evidence to support claims of the cell theory.

Engage in argument from evidence to support claims of the cell theory.

Engage in argument from evidence to support claims of the cell theory.

Engage in argument from evidence to support claims of the cell theory.

Engage in argument from evidence to support claims of the cell theory.

Engage in argument from evidence to support claims of the cell theory.

Engage in argument from evidence to support claims of the cell theory.

Obtain and communicate information explaining that humans have systems that interact with one another for digestion, respiration, circulation, excretion, movement, control, coordination, and protection from disease. 

Obtain and communicate information explaining that humans have systems that interact with one another for digestion, respiration, circulation, excretion, movement, control, coordination, and protection from disease. 

Gather and synthesize information to explain how prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in structure and function, including the methods of asexual and sexual reproduction.

Gather and synthesize information to explain how prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in structure and function, including the methods of asexual and sexual reproduction.

Gather and synthesize information to explain how prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in structure and function, including the methods of asexual and sexual reproduction.

Gather and synthesize information to explain how prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in structure and function, including the methods of asexual and sexual reproduction.

Gather and synthesize information to explain how prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in structure and function, including the methods of asexual and sexual reproduction.

Gather and synthesize information to explain how prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in structure and function, including the methods of asexual and sexual reproduction.

Gather and synthesize information to explain how prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in structure and function, including the methods of asexual and sexual reproduction.

Construct an explanation of the function of specific cell structures for maintaining a stable environment.

Construct an explanation of the function of specific cell structures for maintaining a stable environment.

Construct an explanation of the function of specific cell structures for maintaining a stable environment.

Construct an explanation of the function of specific cell structures for maintaining a stable environment.

Construct models and representations of organ systems to demonstrate how multiple interacting organs and systems work together to accomplish specific functions.

Construct models and representations of organ systems to demonstrate how multiple interacting organs and systems work together to accomplish specific functions.

Construct models and representations of organ systems to demonstrate how multiple interacting organs and systems work together to accomplish specific functions.

Design a solution to a human problem by using materials to imitate how plants and/or animals use their external parts to help them survive, grow, and meet their needs.

Obtain and combine information to describe that organisms are classified as living things, rather than nonliving things, based on their ability to obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment.

Design a solution to a human problem by using materials to imitate how plants and/or animals use their external parts to help them survive, grow, and meet their needs. 

Obtain and combine information to describe that organisms are classified as living things, rather than nonliving things, based on their ability to obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment.

Design a solution to a human problem by using materials to imitate how plants and/or animals use their external parts to help them survive, grow, and meet their needs. 

Design a solution to a human problem by using materials to imitate how plants and/or animals use their external parts to help them survive, grow, and meet their needs. 

Obtain and combine information to describe that organisms are classified as living things, rather than nonliving things, based on their ability to obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment.

Obtain and combine information to describe that organisms are classified as living things, rather than nonliving things, based on their ability to obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment.

Obtain and combine information to describe that organisms are classified as living things, rather than nonliving things, based on their ability to obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment.

Obtain and combine information to describe that organisms are classified as living things, rather than nonliving things, based on their ability to obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment.

Obtain and combine information to describe that organisms are classified as living things, rather than nonliving things, based on their ability to obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment.

Obtain information to provide evidence that parents and their offspring engage in patterns of behavior that help the offspring survive.

Create representations to explain the unique and diverse life cycles of organisms other than humans, including commonalities such as birth, growth, reproduction, and death.

Create representations to explain the unique and diverse life cycles of organisms other than humans, including commonalities such as birth, growth, reproduction, and death.

Create representations to explain the unique and diverse life cycles of organisms other than humans, including commonalities such as birth, growth, reproduction, and death.

Examine evidence to support an argument that the internal and external structures of plants and animals function to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction.

Examine evidence to support an argument that the internal and external structures of plants and animals function to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction.

Examine evidence to support an argument that the internal and external structures of plants and animals function to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction.

Examine evidence to support an argument that the internal and external structures of plants and animals function to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction.

Examine evidence to support an argument that the internal and external structures of plants and animals function to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction.

Examine evidence to support an argument that the internal and external structures of plants and animals function to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction.

Examine evidence to support an argument that the internal and external structures of plants and animals function to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction.

Examine evidence to support an argument that the internal and external structures of plants and animals function to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction.

Construct and use models to explain that genetic variations between parent and offspring occur as a result of genetic differences in randomly inherited genes located on chromosomes and that additional variations may arise from alteration of genetic information.

Construct and use models to explain that genetic variations between parent and offspring occur as a result of genetic differences in randomly inherited genes located on chromosomes and that additional variations may arise from alteration of genetic information.

Construct and use models to explain that genetic variations between parent and offspring occur as a result of genetic differences in randomly inherited genes located on chromosomes and that additional variations may arise from alteration of genetic information.

Construct and use models to explain that genetic variations between parent and offspring occur as a result of genetic differences in randomly inherited genes located on chromosomes and that additional variations may arise from alteration of genetic information.

Construct and use models to explain that genetic variations between parent and offspring occur as a result of genetic differences in randomly inherited genes located on chromosomes and that additional variations may arise from alteration of genetic information.

Construct and use models to explain that genetic variations between parent and offspring occur as a result of genetic differences in randomly inherited genes located on chromosomes and that additional variations may arise from alteration of genetic information.

Construct and use models to explain that genetic variations between parent and offspring occur as a result of genetic differences in randomly inherited genes located on chromosomes and that additional variations may arise from alteration of genetic information.

Construct an explanation from evidence to describe how genetic mutations result in harmful, beneficial, or neutral effects to the structure and function of an organism.

Construct an explanation from evidence to describe how genetic mutations result in harmful, beneficial, or neutral effects to the structure and function of an organism.

Construct an explanation from evidence to describe how genetic mutations result in harmful, beneficial, or neutral effects to the structure and function of an organism.

Gather and synthesize information regarding the impact of technologies on the inheritance and/or appearance of desired traits in organisms.

Gather and synthesize information regarding the impact of technologies on the inheritance and/or appearance of desired traits in organisms.

Gather and synthesize information regarding the impact of technologies on the inheritance and/or appearance of desired traits in organisms.

Gather and synthesize information regarding the impact of technologies on the inheritance and/or appearance of desired traits in organisms.

Make observations to identify the similarities and differences of offspring to their parents and to other members of the same species.

Make observations to identify the similarities and differences of offspring to their parents and to other members of the same species.

Make observations to identify the similarities and differences of offspring to their parents and to other members of the same species.

Examine data to provide evidence that plants and animals, excluding humans, have traits inherited from parents and that variations of these traits exist in groups of similar organisms.

Examine data to provide evidence that plants and animals, excluding humans, have traits inherited from parents and that variations of these traits exist in groups of similar organisms.

Examine data to provide evidence that plants and animals, excluding humans, have traits inherited from parents and that variations of these traits exist in groups of similar organisms.

Examine data to provide evidence that plants and animals, excluding humans, have traits inherited from parents and that variations of these traits exist in groups of similar organisms (e.g., flower colors in pea plants, fur color and pattern in animal offspring).

Engage in argument from evidence to justify that traits can be influenced by the environment.

Engage in argument from evidence to justify that traits can be influenced by the environment.

Engage in argument from evidence to justify that traits can be influenced by the environment.

Engage in argument from evidence to justify that traits can be influenced by the environment.

Engage in argument from evidence to justify that traits can be influenced by the environment.

Plan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties.

Plan and carry out investigations to provide evidence that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Plan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties.

Plan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties.

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Plan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties.

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Plan and carry out investigations to provide evidence that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Analyze patterns within the periodic table to construct models that illustrate the structure, composition, and characteristics of atoms and molecules.

Analyze patterns within the periodic table to construct models that illustrate the structure, composition, and characteristics of atoms and molecules.

Analyze patterns within the periodic table to construct models that illustrate the structure, composition, and characteristics of atoms and molecules.

Analyze patterns within the periodic table to construct models that illustrate the structure, composition, and characteristics of atoms and molecules.

Analyze data obtained from testing different materials to determine which materials have the properties that are best suited for an intended purpose. 

Analyze data obtained from testing different materials to determine which materials have the properties that are best suited for an intended purpose. 

Analyze data obtained from testing different materials to determine which materials have the properties that are best suited for an intended purpose. 

 Analyze data obtained from testing different materials to determine which materials have the properties that are best suited for an intended purpose. 

Plan and carry out investigations to generate evidence supporting the claim that one pure substance can be distinguished from another based on characteristic properties.

Plan and carry out investigations to generate evidence supporting the claim that one pure substance can be distinguished from another based on characteristic properties.

Plan and carry out investigations to generate evidence supporting the claim that one pure substance can be distinguished from another based on characteristic properties.

Plan and carry out investigations to generate evidence supporting the claim that one pure substance can be distinguished from another based on characteristic properties.

Plan and carry out investigations to generate evidence supporting the claim that one pure substance can be distinguished from another based on characteristic properties.

Plan and carry out investigations to generate evidence supporting the claim that one pure substance can be distinguished from another based on characteristic properties.

Plan and carry out investigations to generate evidence supporting the claim that one pure substance can be distinguished from another based on characteristic properties.

Investigate, measure, and communicate in a graphical format how an observed pattern of motion can be used to predict the future motion of an object.

Investigate, measure, and communicate in a graphical format how an observed pattern of motion can be used to predict the future motion of an object.

Investigate, measure, and communicate in a graphical format how an observed pattern of motion can be used to predict the future motion of an object.

Investigate matter to provide mathematical evidence, including graphs, to show that regardless of the type of reaction that occurs when heating, cooling, or mixing substances, the total weight of the matter is conserved.

Construct explanations based on evidence from investigations to differentiate among compounds, mixtures, and solutions. 

Explore objects that can be manipulated in order to determine cause-and-effect relationships of electric interactions between two objects not in contact with one another or magnetic interactions between two objects not in contact with one another.

Explore objects that can be manipulated in order to determine cause-and-effect relationships of electric interactions between two objects not in contact with one another or magnetic interactions between two objects not in contact with one another.

Explore objects that can be manipulated in order to determine cause-and-effect relationships of electric interactions between two objects not in contact with one another.

Construct explanations based on evidence from investigations to differentiate among compounds, mixtures, and solutions. 

Construct explanations based on evidence from investigations to differentiate among compounds, mixtures, and solutions. 

Explore objects that can be manipulated in order to determine cause-and-effect relationships of electric interactions between two objects not in contact with one another or magnetic interactions between two objects not in contact with one another.

Explore objects that can be manipulated in order to determine cause-and-effect relationships of electric interactions between two objects not in contact with one another or magnetic interactions between two objects not in contact with one another.

Explore objects that can be manipulated in order to determine cause-and-effect relationships of electric interactions between two objects not in contact with one another or magnetic interactions between two objects not in contact with one another.

Explore objects that can be manipulated in order to determine cause-and-effect relationships of electric interactions between two objects not in contact with one another or magnetic interactions between two objects not in contact with one another.

Construct explanations based on evidence from investigations to differentiate among compounds, mixtures, and solutions. 

Construct explanations based on evidence from investigations to differentiate among compounds, mixtures, and solutions. 

Make observations to construct an evidence-based account of how an object made of a small set of pieces can be disassembled and made into a new object.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Make observations to construct an evidence-based account of how an object made of a small set of pieces can be disassembled and made into a new object.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Design and conduct an experiment to determine changes in particle motion, temperature, and state of a pure substance when thermal energy is added to or removed from a system.

Construct an argument with evidence that some changes caused by heating or cooling can be reversed and some cannot.

Apply scientific ideas about magnets to solve a problem through an engineering design project.

Design and conduct an experiment to determine changes in particle motion, temperature, and state of a pure substance when thermal energy is added to or removed from a system.

Design and conduct an experiment to determine changes in particle motion, temperature, and state of a pure substance when thermal energy is added to or removed from a system.

Design and conduct an experiment to determine changes in particle motion, temperature, and state of a pure substance when thermal energy is added to or removed from a system.

Design and conduct an experiment to determine changes in particle motion, temperature, and state of a pure substance when thermal energy is added to or removed from a system.

Construct an argument with evidence that some changes caused by heating or cooling can be reversed and some cannot.

Investigate whether the mixing of two or more substances results in new substances.

Observe and analyze characteristic properties of substances before and after the substances combine to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred.

Observe and analyze characteristic properties of substances before and after the substances combine to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred.

Observe and analyze characteristic properties of substances before and after the substances combine to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred.

Observe and analyze characteristic properties of substances before and after the substances combine to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred.

Observe and analyze characteristic properties of substances before and after the substances combine to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred.

Observe and analyze characteristic properties of substances before and after the substances combine to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred.

Create a model, diagram, or digital simulation to describe conservation of mass in a chemical reaction and explain the resulting differences between products and reactants.

Create a model, diagram, or digital simulation to describe conservation of mass in a chemical reaction and explain the resulting differences between products and reactants.

Create a model, diagram, or digital simulation to describe conservation of mass in a chemical reaction and explain the resulting differences between products and reactants.

Create a model, diagram, or digital simulation to describe conservation of mass in a chemical reaction and explain the resulting differences between products and reactants.

Design, construct, and test a device that either releases or absorbs thermal energy by chemical reactions and modify the device as needed based on criteria.

Plan and carry out investigations to provide evidence that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Plan and carry out investigations to provide evidence that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Plan and carry out investigations to provide evidence that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Plan and carry out investigations to provide evidence that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Plan and carry out investigations to provide evidence that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Plan and carry out investigations to provide evidence that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Plan and carry out investigations to provide evidence that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Plan and carry out investigations to provide evidence that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Plan and carry out investigations to provide evidence that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Plan and carry out investigations to provide evidence that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Investigate the resulting motion of objects when forces of different strengths and directions act upon them.

Use Newton’s third law to design a model to demonstrate and explain the resulting motion of two colliding objects.

Plan and carry out investigations to evaluate how various factors affect the strength of electric and magnetic forces.

Plan and carry out investigations to evaluate how various factors affect the strength of electric and magnetic forces.

Plan and carry out investigations to evaluate how various factors affect the strength of electric and magnetic forces.

Plan and carry out investigations to evaluate how various factors affect the strength of electric and magnetic forces.

Plan and carry out investigations to evaluate how various factors affect the strength of electric and magnetic forces.

Construct an argument from evidence explaining that fields exist between objects exerting forces on each other even when the objects are not in contact.

Construct an argument from evidence explaining that fields exist between objects exerting forces on each other even when the objects are not in contact.

Construct an argument from evidence explaining that fields exist between objects exerting forces on each other even when the objects are not in contact.

Construct an argument from evidence explaining that fields exist between objects exerting forces on each other even when the objects are not in contact.

Construct an argument from evidence explaining that fields exist between objects exerting forces on each other even when the objects are not in contact.

Use observations and data from investigations to determine if a design solution solves the problem of using force to change the speed or direction of an object. 

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Design and conduct a test to modify the speed of a falling object due to gravity.

Design and conduct a test to modify the speed of a falling object due to gravity.