Ask questions to obtain information about the purpose of weather forecasts in planning for, preparing for, and responding to severe weather. 

Observe, record, and share findings of local weather patterns over a period of time.

Observe, record, and share findings of local weather patterns over a period of time.

Observe, record, and share findings of local weather patterns over a period of time.

Observe and describe the effects of sunlight on Earth’s surface.

Observe and describe the effects of sunlight on Earth’s surface.

Distinguish between living and nonliving things and verify what living things need to survive.

Distinguish between living and nonliving things and verify what living things need to survive (e.g., animals needing food, water, and air; plants needing nutrients, water, sunlight, and air).

Gather evidence to support how plants and animals provide for their needs by altering their environment.

Identify and plan possible solutions to lessen the human impact on the local environment.

Construct a model of a natural habitat (e.g., terrarium, ant farm, diorama) conducive to meeting the needs of plants and animals native to Alabama. 

Construct a model of a natural habitat conducive to meeting the needs of plants and animals native to Alabama. 

Use observations and data from investigations to determine if a design solution solves the problem of using force to change the speed or direction of an object. 

Observe seasonal patterns of sunrise and sunset to describe the relationship between the number of hours of daylight and the time of year.

Observe, describe, and predict patterns of the sun, moon, and stars as they appear in the sky.

Design a solution to a human problem by using materials to imitate how plants and/or animals use their external parts to help them survive, grow, and meet their needs. 

Design a solution to a human problem by using materials to imitate how plants and/or animals use their external parts to help them survive, grow, and meet their needs. 

Make observations to identify the similarities and differences of offspring to their parents and to other members of the same species.

Make observations to identify the similarities and differences of offspring to their parents and to other members of the same species.

Construct explanations from observations that objects can be seen only when light is available to illuminate them.

Examine and test solutions that address changes caused by Earth’s events. 

Collect and evaluate data to identify water found on Earth and determine whether it is a solid or a liquid.

Make observations from media to obtain information about Earth’s events that happen over a short period of time (e.g., tornados, volcanic explosions, earthquakes) or over a time period longer than one can observe (e.g., erosion of rocks, melting of glaciers).

Create models to identify physical features of Earth (e.g., mountains, valleys, plains, deserts, lakes, rivers, oceans).

Plan and carry out an investigation, using one variable at a time (e.g., water, light, soil, air), to determine the growth needs of plants.

Design and construct models to simulate how animals disperse seeds or pollinate plants. 

Obtain information from literature and other media to illustrate that there are many different kinds of living things and that they exist in different places on land and in water.

Plan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties.

Plan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties.

Analyze data obtained from testing different materials to determine which materials have the properties that are best suited for an intended purpose. 

Analyze data obtained from testing different materials to determine which materials have the properties that are best suited for an intended purpose. 

Make observations to construct an evidence-based account of how an object made of a small set of pieces can be disassembled and made into a new object.

Construct an argument with evidence that some changes caused by heating or cooling can be reversed and some cannot.

Evaluate a design solution that reduces the impact of a weather-related hazard.

Collect information from a variety of sources to describe climates in different regions of the world.

Collect information from a variety of sources to describe climates in different regions of the world.

Identify the distribution of freshwater and salt water on Earth and construct a graphical representation depicting the amounts and percentages found in different reservoirs.

Analyze and interpret data to determine effects of weathering and rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, and vegetation using one single form of weathering or erosion at a time.

Construct explanations by citing evidence found in patterns of rock formations and fossils in rock layers that Earth changes over time through both slow and rapid processes.

Display data graphically and in tables to describe typical weather conditions expected
during a particular season.

Use a model to represent how any two systems, specifically the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and/or hydrosphere, interact and support life.

Construct and interpret models to explain that energy in animals’ food is used for body repair, growth, motion, and maintenance of body warmth and was once energy from the sun.

Create a model to illustrate the transfer of matter among producers; consumers, including scavengers and decomposers; and the environment.

Construct an illustration to explain how plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into a storable fuel, carbohydrates, and a waste product, oxygen, during the process of photosynthesis.

Use evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to the energy of that object.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Obtain and combine information to describe that organisms are classified as living things, rather than nonliving things, based on their ability to obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment.

Create representations to explain the unique and diverse life cycles of organisms other than humans, including commonalities such as birth, growth, reproduction, and death.

Examine evidence to support an argument that the internal and external structures of plants and animals function to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction.

Examine data to provide evidence that plants and animals, excluding humans, have traits inherited from parents and that variations of these traits exist in groups of similar organisms (e.g., flower colors in pea plants, fur color and pattern in animal offspring).

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Investigate, measure, and communicate in a graphical format how an observed pattern of motion can be used to predict the future motion of an object.

Investigate, measure, and communicate in a graphical format how an observed pattern of motion can be used to predict the future motion of an object.

Explore objects that can be manipulated in order to determine cause-and-effect relationships of electric interactions between two objects not in contact with one another or magnetic interactions between two objects not in contact with one another.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Apply scientific ideas about magnets to solve a problem through an engineering design project.

Plan and carry out investigations to provide evidence that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Construct an argument from evidence to explain the likelihood of an organism’s ability to survive when compared to the resources in a certain habitat.

Construct an argument from evidence to explain the likelihood of an organism’s ability to survive when compared to the resources in a certain habitat.

Analyze and interpret data from fossils (e.g., type, size, distribution) to provide evidence of organisms and the environments in which they lived long ago.

Develop a model of waves to describe patterns in terms of amplitude and wavelength and including that waves can cause objects to move.

Obtain, analyze, and communicate evidence of the effects that balanced and unbalanced forces have on the motion of objects.

Collect and organize scientific ideas that individuals and communities can use to protect Earth’s natural resources and its environment. 

Design solutions, test, and revise a process for cleaning a polluted environment. 

Explore information to support the claim that landforms are the result of a combination of constructive forces, including crustal deformation, volcanic eruptions, and sediment deposition as well as a result of destructive forces, including erosion and weathering.

Explore information to support the claim that landforms are the result of a combination of constructive forces, including crustal deformation, volcanic eruptions, and sediment deposition as well as a result of destructive forces, including erosion and weathering.

Explore information to support the claim that landforms are the result of a combination of constructive forces, including crustal deformation, volcanic eruptions, and sediment deposition as well as a result of destructive forces, including erosion and weathering.

Analyze and interpret data to determine effects of weathering and rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, and vegetation using one single form of weathering or erosion at a time.

Describe patterns of Earth’s features on land and in the ocean using data from maps.

Formulate and evaluate solutions to limit the effects of natural Earth processes on humans. 

Formulate and evaluate solutions to limit the effects of natural Earth processes on humans.

Construct explanations by citing evidence found in patterns of rock formations and fossils in rock layers that Earth changes over time through both slow and rapid processes.

Display data graphically and in tables to describe typical weather conditions expected during a particular season.

Use a model to represent how any two systems, specifically the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and/or hydrosphere, interact and support life.

Construct and interpret models to explain that energy in animals’ food is used for body repair, growth, motion, and maintenance of body warmth and was once energy from the sun.

Defend the position that plants obtain materials needed for growth primarily from air and water.

Use evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to the energy of that object.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.

Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.

Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.

Compile information to describe how the use of energy derived from natural renewable and nonrenewable resources affects the environment. 

Obtain and combine information to describe that organisms are classified as living things, rather than nonliving things, based on their ability to obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment.

Create representations to explain the unique and diverse life cycles of organisms other than humans, including commonalities such as birth, growth, reproduction, and death.

Examine evidence to support an argument that the internal and external structures of plants and animals function to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction.

Examine data to provide evidence that plants and animals, excluding humans, have traits inherited from parents and that variations of these traits exist in groups of similar organisms.

Engage in argument from evidence to justify that traits can be influenced by the environment.

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Explore objects that can be manipulated in order to determine cause-and-effect relationships of electric interactions between two objects not in contact with one another or magnetic interactions between two objects not in contact with one another.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Plan and carry out investigations to provide evidence that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Plan and carry out investigations to provide evidence that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Develop a model of waves to describe patterns in terms of amplitude and wavelength and including that waves can cause objects to move.

Construct a model to explain that an object can be seen when light reflected from its surface enters the eyes.

Design solutions, test, and revise a process for cleaning a polluted environment. 

Explore information to support the claim that landforms are the result of a combination of constructive forces, including crustal deformation, volcanic eruptions, and sediment deposition as well as a result of destructive forces, including erosion and weathering.

Collect information from a variety of sources to describe climates in different regions of the world.

Analyze and interpret data to determine effects of weathering and rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, and vegetation using one single form of weathering or erosion at a time.

Analyze and interpret data to determine effects of weathering and rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, and vegetation using one single form of weathering or erosion at a time.

Formulate and evaluate solutions to limit the effects of natural Earth processes on humans. 

Defend the claim that one factor determining the apparent brightness of the sun compared to other stars is the relative distance from Earth.

Construct explanations by citing evidence found in patterns of rock formations and fossils in rock layers that Earth changes over time through both slow and rapid processes.

Construct explanations by citing evidence found in patterns of rock formations and fossils in rock layers that Earth changes over time through both slow and rapid processes.

Display data graphically and in tables to describe typical weather conditions expected during a particular season.

Use a model to represent how any two systems, specifically the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and/or hydrosphere, interact and support life.

Construct and interpret models to explain that energy in animals’ food is used for body repair, growth, motion, and maintenance of body warmth and was once energy from the sun.

Create a model to illustrate the transfer of matter among producers; consumers, including scavengers and decomposers; and the environment.

Create a model to illustrate the transfer of matter among producers; consumers, including scavengers and decomposers; and the environment.

Defend the position that plants obtain materials needed for growth primarily from air and water.

Construct an illustration to explain how plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into a storable fuel, carbohydrates, and a waste product, oxygen, during the process of photosynthesis.

Construct an illustration to explain how plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into a storable fuel, carbohydrates, and a waste product, oxygen, during the process of photosynthesis.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Make observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.

Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.

Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.

Obtain and combine information to describe that organisms are classified as living things, rather than nonliving things, based on their ability to obtain and use resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while living in a constantly changing external environment.

Examine evidence to support an argument that the internal and external structures of plants and animals function to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction.

Examine data to provide evidence that plants and animals, excluding humans, have traits inherited from parents and that variations of these traits exist in groups of similar organisms.

Engage in argument from evidence to justify that traits can be influenced by the environment.

Plan and carry out an experiment to determine the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object using one variable at a time, including number, size, direction, speed, position, friction, or air resistance, and communicate these findings graphically.

Investigate matter to provide mathematical evidence, including graphs, to show that regardless of the type of reaction that occurs when heating, cooling, or mixing substances, the total weight of the matter is conserved.

Explore objects that can be manipulated in order to determine cause-and-effect relationships of electric interactions between two objects not in contact with one another or magnetic interactions between two objects not in contact with one another.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Investigate whether the mixing of two or more substances results in new substances.

Plan and carry out investigations to provide evidence that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.

Examine matter through observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Construct explanations from observations to determine how the density of an object affects whether the object sinks or floats when placed in a liquid. Construct an explanation from evidence to illustrate that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed downward towards the center of Earth.

Design and conduct a test to modify the speed of a falling object due to gravity.

Investigate how variations in characteristics among individuals of the same species may provide advantages in surviving, finding mates, and reproducing.

Construct an argument from evidence to explain the likelihood of an organism’s ability to survive when compared to the resources in a certain habitat.

Develop a model of waves to describe patterns in terms of amplitude and wavelength and including that waves can cause objects to move.

Develop and use models to show multiple solutions in which patterns are used to transfer information.

Analyze evidence to explain how changes in human population, per capita consumption of natural resources, and other human activities affect Earth’s systems.

Implement scientific principles to design processes for monitoring and minimizing human impact on the environment.

Implement scientific principles to design processes for monitoring and minimizing human impact on the environment.

Provide evidence from data of the distribution of fossils and rocks, continental shapes, and seafloor structures to explain past plate motions.

Use research-based evidence to propose a scientific explanation regarding how the distribution of Earth’s resources such as minerals, fossil fuels, and groundwater are the result of ongoing geoscience processes.

Use models to explain how the rotation of Earth and unequal heating of its surface create patterns of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that determine regional climates. a. Use experiments to investigate how energy from the sun is distributed between Earth’s surface and its atmosphere by convection and radiation.

Use models to explain how the rotation of Earth and unequal heating of its surface create patterns of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that determine regional climates. Use experiments to investigate how energy from the sun is distributed between Earth’s surface and its atmosphere by convection and radiation.

Plan and carry out investigations that demonstrate the chemical and physical processes that form rocks and cycle Earth materials.

Plan and carry out investigations that demonstrate the chemical and physical processes that form rocks and cycle Earth materials.

Create and manipulate models to explain the occurrences of day/night cycles, length of year, seasons, tides, eclipses, and lunar phases based on patterns of the observed motions of celestial bodies.

Construct explanations from geologic evidence to identify patterns of Earth’s major historical events.

Use evidence to explain how different geologic processes shape Earth’s history over widely varying scales of space and time. 

Use models to construct explanations of the various biogeochemical cycles of Earth and the flow of energy that drives these processes. 

Use evidence and scientific reasoning to explain how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of both animals and plants.

Use evidence and scientific reasoning to explain how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of both animals and plants.

Analyze and interpret data to predict how environmental conditions and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms. 

Develop and use a model to predict how forces act on objects at a distance.

Use models to construct an explanation of how a system of objects may contain varying types and amounts of potential energy.

Analyze and interpret data from experiments to determine how various factors affect energy transfer as measured by temperature.

Apply the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments supporting the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.

Apply the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments supporting the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.

Apply the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments supporting the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.

Apply the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments supporting the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.

Engage in argument from evidence to support claims of the cell theory.

Gather and synthesize information to explain how prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in structure and function, including the methods of asexual and sexual reproduction.

Construct an explanation of the function of specific cell structures for maintaining a stable environment.

Construct models and representations of organ systems to demonstrate how multiple interacting organs and systems work together to accomplish specific functions.

Construct and use models to explain that genetic variations between parent and offspring occur as a result of genetic differences in randomly inherited genes located on chromosomes and that additional variations may arise from alteration of genetic information.

Analyze patterns within the periodic table to construct models that illustrate the structure, composition, and characteristics of atoms and molecules.

Plan and carry out investigations to generate evidence supporting the claim that one pure substance can be distinguished from another based on characteristic properties.

Plan and carry out investigations to generate evidence supporting the claim that one pure substance can be distinguished from another based on characteristic properties.

Observe and analyze characteristic properties of substances before and after the substances combine to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred.

Create a model, diagram, or digital simulation to describe conservation of mass in a chemical reaction and explain the resulting differences between products and reactants.

Construct an explanation based on evidence for the anatomical similarities and differences among modern organisms and between modern and fossil organisms, including living fossils.

Use models to demonstrate how light and sound waves differ in how they are absorbed, reflected, and transmitted through different types of media.

Analyze evidence to explain how changes in human population, per capita consumption of natural resources, and other human activities affect Earth’s systems.

Implement scientific principles to design processes for monitoring and minimizing human impact on the environment.

Use research-based evidence to propose a scientific explanation regarding how the distribution of Earth’s resources such as minerals, fossil fuels, and groundwater are the result of ongoing geoscience processes.

Use research-based evidence to propose a scientific explanation regarding how the distribution of Earth’s resources such as minerals, fossil fuels, and groundwater are the result of ongoing geoscience processes.

Plan and carry out investigations that demonstrate the chemical and physical processes that form rocks and cycle Earth materials.

Use models to construct explanations of the various biogeochemical cycles of Earth and the flow of energy that drives these processes. 

Use evidence and scientific reasoning to explain how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of both animals and plants.

Use evidence and scientific reasoning to explain how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of both animals and plants.

Use evidence and scientific reasoning to explain how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of both animals and plants.

Analyze and interpret data to predict how environmental conditions and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms. 

Examine the cycling of matter between abiotic and biotic parts of ecosystems to explain the flow of energy and the conservation of matter.

Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence regarding how resource availability impacts individual organisms as well as populations of organisms within an ecosystem.

Use empirical evidence from patterns and data to demonstrate how changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in populations.

Construct an explanation to predict patterns of interactions in different ecosystems in terms of the relationships between and among organisms.

Engage in argument to defend the effectiveness of a design solution that maintains biodiversity and ecosystem services. 

Create and analyze graphical displays of data to illustrate the relationships of kinetic energy to the mass and speed of an object. 

Use models to construct an explanation of how a system of objects may contain varying types and amounts of potential energy

Apply the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments supporting the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.

Apply the law of conservation of energy to develop arguments supporting the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.

Engage in argument from evidence to support claims of the cell theory.

Engage in argument from evidence to support claims of the cell theory.

Gather and synthesize information to explain how prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in structure and function, including the methods of asexual and sexual reproduction.

Construct an explanation of the function of specific cell structures for maintaining a stable environment.

Construct and use models to explain that genetic variations between parent and offspring occur as a result of genetic differences in randomly inherited genes located on chromosomes and that additional variations may arise from alteration of genetic information.

Gather and synthesize information regarding the impact of technologies on the inheritance and/or appearance of desired traits in organisms.

Analyze patterns within the periodic table to construct models that illustrate the structure, composition, and characteristics of atoms and molecules.

Plan and carry out investigations to generate evidence supporting the claim that one pure substance can be distinguished from another based on characteristic properties.

Construct explanations based on evidence from investigations to differentiate among compounds, mixtures, and solutions. 

Design and conduct an experiment to determine changes in particle motion, temperature, and state of a pure substance when thermal energy is added to or removed from a system.

Observe and analyze characteristic properties of substances before and after the substances combine to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred.

Create a model, diagram, or digital simulation to describe conservation of mass in a chemical reaction and explain the resulting differences between products and reactants.

Plan and carry out investigations to evaluate how various factors affect the strength of electric and magnetic forces.

Construct an argument from evidence explaining that fields exist between objects exerting forces on each other even when the objects are not in contact.

Use Newton’s first law to demonstrate and explain that an object is either at rest or moves at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.

Use Newton’s first law to demonstrate and explain that an object is either at rest or moves at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force.

Use Newton’s second law to demonstrate and explain how changes in an object’s motion depend on the sum of the external forces on the object and the mass of the object.

Construct models and use simulations to explain the role of gravity in affecting the motions of celestial bodies within galaxies and the solar system.

Construct models and use simulations to explain the role of gravity in affecting the motions of celestial bodies within galaxies and the solar system.

Develop and use models to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system. 

Use models to explain how the rotation of Earth and unequal heating of its surface create patterns of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that determine regional climates. a. Use experiments to investigate how energy from the sun is distributed between Earth’s surface and its atmosphere by convection and radiation.

Create and manipulate models to explain the occurrences of day/night cycles, length of year, seasons, tides, eclipses, and lunar phases based on patterns of the observed motions of celestial bodies.

Create and manipulate models to explain the occurrences of day/night cycles, length of year, seasons, tides, eclipses, and lunar phases based on patterns of the observed motions of celestial bodies.

Use evidence to explain how different geologic processes shape Earth’s history over widely varying scales of space and time. 

Use evidence and scientific reasoning to explain how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction of both animals and plants.

Analyze and interpret data to predict how environmental conditions and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms. 

Analyze and interpret data to predict how environmental conditions and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms. 

Analyze and interpret data to predict how environmental conditions and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms. 

Examine the cycling of matter between abiotic and biotic parts of ecosystems to explain the flow of energy and the conservation of matter.

Analyze and interpret data to provide evidence regarding how resource availability impacts individual organisms as well as populations of organisms within an ecosystem.

Use empirical evidence from patterns and data to demonstrate how changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in populations.

Use empirical evidence from patterns and data to demonstrate how changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in populations.

Construct an explanation to predict patterns of interactions in different ecosystems in terms of the relationships between and among organisms.